CLIMATE CHANGE AND SOCIETY
Nowadays we have experienced how the maximum temperatures during the summer have reached more extreme values, and in winter as the rainfall is more absent. These events are associated with what has been called global warming.
In Chile, other effects related to climate warming are increased drought, increased forest fires, loss of biodiversity of plants and animals, melting of glaciers and rising sea levels.
Such effects in our country are due to its own characteristics such as low elevation coastal areas, semi-arid, arid and forested areas, susceptibility to natural disasters, areas prone to drought and desertification, urban areas with air pollution problems and mountainous ecosystems (Center for Climate and Resilience Research, 2020).
It was before the visible consequences of global warming that the scientist Wallace Smith Broecker popularized the term in a publication in the journal Science in 1975, which he mentions that the planet's climate could change in short periods of time.
In 1994, 33 countries ratified the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change with the aim of stabilizing the concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere (Observatory on Principle 10 in Latin America and the Caribbean, 2020).
Even though greenhouse gases such as CO2 and water vapor are necessary to maintain an adequate average temperature for life. The excessive increase in these gases has caused an increase in the average temperature of the earth and oceans of 0,85 ºC from 1880 to 2012. If this trend continues, the global average temperature may rise to 4ºC by 2050 (Observatorio Boliviano de Cambio Climático y Desarrollo (OBCCD), 2020).
The main anthropic actions that have caused this increase in greenhouse gases are the burning of fossil fuels, the destruction of forests, changes in land use, the production of waste and the emission of certain artificial gases (OBCCD, 2020).
The origin of this problematic was at the time of the industrial revolution when the production of products was mechanized to make it on a large scale, generating as a consequence a greater production of greenhouse gases.
The most polluting countries in the world are the United States, China, the European Union, India and Rusia, which generate 60% of emissions worldwide and belong to the group of most powerful countries in the world. This is a reflection that the economic model and development policies require profound changes at the global level.
Although as individuals we become aware of the consequences of climate change, society as a whole, including large companies and the great world powers, must adapt the economic model aimed at maximizing profits for one that respects the environment.
Bibliography:
Center for Climate and Resilience Research, 2020. La vulnerabilidad de Chile frente al cambio climático [online] <http://www.cr2.cl/la-vulnerabilidad-de-chile-frente-al-cambio-climatico-el-desconcierto/> [Visited: December 5th, 2020]
Observatorio Boliviano del Cambio Climático y Desarrollo. 2020. ¿Qué es el Cambio Climático? [online] <https://obccd.org/informacion-basica-2/que-es-el-cambio-climatico/> [Visited: December 5th, 2020]
Observatory on Principle 10 in Latin America and the Caribbean. 2020. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. [online] <https://observatoriop10.cepal.org/en/treaties/united-nations-framework-convention-climate-change> [Visited: December 4th, 2020]
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